Synaptic behavior in dye-sensitized solar cell-based optoelectronic artificial synaptic devices towards self-powered physical reservoir computing

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) using D131 dye show potential as optoelectronic artificial synapses for physical reservoir computing (PRC). The time constant of the open-circuit voltage (V_oc) varied significantly depending on the incident light intensity. Higher paired-pulse facilitation was observed under lower light intensities. Short-term memory (STM) and nonlinearity were characterized through STM and parity check (PC) tasks, and the memory capacities (C_STM = 1.25 and C_PC = 1.20) remained stable across different pulse widths of the incident light. The DSC-based synaptic devices achieved high accuracy in handwritten digit recognition task, indicating their promise for developing self-powered PRC systems.