On-line signature verification based on altitude and direction of pen movement

Signature is widely used to authorize who issued the document. However, signature has ambiguity, and it is difficult to distinguish the authentic signature from the mimicked signature only by the bit-mapped pattern. It is well expected that altitude and the azimuth of gripped pen under signing depends on the shape of writer's hand and the habit of writing. In this paper, we propose a new on-line writer authentication system using the pen altitude, pen azimuth, shape of signature, and writing pressure in real time. From experimental results with writing information by 24 writers, it is found that the authentication rate of 98% is obtained.