Ultralow shrinkage and high strength concrete without portland cement

Under the ultra-low water-to-binder ratio (B/W) condition with the binder consisting of four components of Portland cement (C), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (BF), fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF), ultra-low shrinkage and high strength concrete was developed. BF, FA and SF were used as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) with low CO₂ emissions. In this study, replacing a higher percentage of C with SCMs, W was extremely reduced to lower level than conventional concrete up to 90 kg/m³. As a result, it was found that even if all of the C was replaced by the SCMs, high strength concrete could be manufactured by adding an expansive additive (EX). Within this study's parameters, 1) Adding the EX improves the viscosity and increases the compressive strength. 2) By using ferro-nickel slag sand with large water absorption or artificial lightweight aggregate, both autogeneous shrinkage and drying shrinkage are extremely reduced. Furthermore, fundamental properties of developed concrete were investigated by laboratory experiment. As a result, comparing with the conventional concrete using C, it was clarified that 1) the long-term strength development is higher, 2) shrinkage is smaller, 3) carbonation rate is higher but practically negligible in the developed concrete without Portland cement.