@inproceedings{e0a28b80a00240d0afc0347defe570a5,
title = "The effect of citric ion on the spin-sprayed ZnO films: IR and XPS study for the organic impurities",
abstract = "ZnO films with controlled microstructures and crystal orientations were fabricated on nonseeded substrates by a spin-spray method employing tri-sodium citrate as a structure-directing agent at 90°C. The micro structure of the films changed from a rod array to a dense film by addition of the tri-sodium citrate in the solution. The FT-IR spectra of the films prepared with citrate contained organic molecules including carboxyl groups, being attributed to citric ion. Surface analysis by XPS indicated that the adsorbed citric ions were estimated to form zinc-citrate complex including ammonium ion or ammonium citrate.",
keywords = "FT-IR, Solution process, Spin-spray method, XPS, ZnO film",
author = "Hajime Wagata and Naoki Ohashi and Katsumata, {Ken Ichi} and Kiyoshi Okada and Nobuhiro Matsushita",
year = "2011",
doi = "10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.485.291",
language = "English",
isbn = "9783037851821",
series = "Key Engineering Materials",
publisher = "Trans Tech Publications Ltd",
pages = "291--294",
booktitle = "Electroceramics in Japan XIV",
}