Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a co-enzyme that regulates reduction and oxidization in energy production. NAD+ is also required for DNA repair in mammalian cells as a substrate for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) to synthesize poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) when DNA damage occurs. Excess DNA damage might cause exhaustion of the molecule that can hinder mitochondrial respiration. Therefore, the concentration of NAD+ should be appropriately controlled. Recent studies have revealed that NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuins play important roles in controlling the aging process. Moreover, a decrease in NAD+ concentration has been suggested to correlate with aging or aging-related diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects of natural and chemical compounds on promoter activities of several human DNA repair-associated genes in HeLa S3 cells. The results indicated that naturally occurring compounds, for example, trans-resveratrol, upregulate TP53 promoter activity. Sustaining an appropriate level of genes encoding DNA repair factors is thought to be necessary for cell survival by preventing the accumulation of DNA mismatches and epigenetic alterations. In this chapter, we discuss the possibility and eligibility of the NAD+ molecule as a regulator of cell aging at the transcriptional level.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Encyclopedia of Cell Biology |
| Subtitle of host publication | New Research (9 Volume Set) |
| Publisher | Nova Science Publishers, Inc. |
| Pages | 1445-1463 |
| Number of pages | 19 |
| Volume | 7 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9781536167597 |
| ISBN (Print) | 9781536167580 |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Jan 2020 |
Keywords
- dinucleotide (NAD)
- DNA repair
- ETS
- GGAA
- metabolism
- mitochondria
- nicotinamide adenine
- transcription