In situ observation of the phase transformation kinetics of bismuth during shock release

Jiangtao Li, Qiannan Wang, Liang Xu, Lei Liu, Hang Zhang, Sota Takagi, Kouhei Ichiyanagi, Ryo Fukaya, Shunsuke Nozawa, Jianbo Hu

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

A time-resolved x-ray diffraction technique is employed to monitor the structural transformation of laser-shocked bismuth. Results reveal a retarded transformation from the shock-induced Bi-V phase to a metastable Bi-IV phase during the shock release, instead of the thermodynamically stable Bi-III phase. The emergence of the metastable Bi-IV phase is understood by the competitive interplay between two transformation pathways towards the Bi-IV and Bi-III, respectively. The former is more rapid than the latter because the Bi-V to B-IV transformation is driven by interaction between the closest atoms while the Bi-V to B-III transformation requires interaction between the second-closest atoms. The nucleation time for the Bi-V to Bi-IV transformation is determined to be 5.1±0.9 ns according to a classical nucleation model. This observation demonstrates the importance of the formation of the transient metastable phases, which can change the phase transformation pathway in a dynamic process.

Original languageEnglish
Article number046401
JournalChinese Physics B
Volume33
Issue number4
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Mar 2024

Keywords

  • bismuth
  • metastable phase
  • nonequilibrium phase diagram
  • phase transformation
  • time-resolved x-ray diffraction (XRD)

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